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初中英语阅读理解的技巧和方法是什么

2023-08-12 00:36:12 高考在线

初中英语阅读理解的技巧和方法

一、讲究阅读的方法和技巧

1.依据主题句定短文的中心:

任意一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心展开并且由段落组成的;段落之间有着内在的紧密联系,而表达段落主题的句子叫主题句,通常置于段落的开头,有时在段落末尾和中间;其它的句子是用来说明和阐述主题句的;若把一个个主题句加以整理,你能悟出其中心思想,同时还可以回避、排除个别生词、难句(等困难信号)所带来的干扰,但也有一些文章的中心思想常贯穿在全文中,因而要综观全文,对全文有一个透彻的理解才行。

如:My friend Matt and I arrived at the Activity Centre on Friday evening. The accommodation wasn’t wonderful, but we had everything we needed (beds, blankets, food ), and we were pleased to be out of the city and in the fresh air.

On Saturday morning we met the other ten members of our group. Cameron had come along with two friends, Kevin and Simon, while sisters Carole and Lynn had come with Amanda. There were some other members I didn’t know. We had come from different places and none of us knew the area.

We knew we were going to spend the weekend outdoors, but none of us was sure exactly how. Half of us spent the morning caving while the others went rock-climbing and then we changed at lunchtime. Matt and I went to the caves (岩洞) first. Climbing out was harder than going in, but after a good deal of pushing, we were out at last. Though we were covered with mud, we were pleased and excited by what we’d done.

This passage mainly talks about ______________.

A. the writer’s friends at the Activity Center

B. the writer’s experience at the Activity Center

C. outdoor sports at the Activity Center

D. how to go rock-climbing and caving

[参考答案B] 上述这段短文的中心是说明“the writer’s experience at the Activity Center.”。作者以及作者的朋友,还有组上的其他一些成员一起在活动中心度周末的一些活动以及感受。

2.掌握具体事实和重要细节:

阅读文章时,要求学生养成辨认和记忆具体事实、重要细节的习惯。因为具体事实、重要细节是主题句的扩展、补充、说明或例证,是用来支持和说明中心思想的,而且是阅读理解测试的重要组成部分。

如:If someone asks me: “Do you like music?” I’m sure I will answer him or her: “Of course, I do.” because I think music is an important part of our lives.

Different people have different ideas about music. For me, I like rock music because it’s so exciting. And my favorite rock band, the “Foxy Ladies” (酷妹) is one of the most famous rock bands in the world. I also like pop music. My classmate LiLan loves dance music, because she enjoys dancing. My best friend, Jane, likes jazz music (爵士乐). She thinks jazz is really cool.

“I like dance music and rock very much.” says my brother, “because they are amazing.”

But my mother thinks rock is boring. “I like some relaxing (轻松的) music,” she says. That’s why she likes country music, I think.

①The writer likes music because he thinks ____________.

A. it’s an exciting part of our lives?

B. it’s an amazing part of our lives

C. it’s an important part of our lives

②What kind of music does the writer like??

A. Rock and pop music. B. Rock and dance music.?C. Jazz and country music.

③Who likes dancing??

A. The writer.?B. Li Lan.?C. Jane.

④The writer’s mother thinks that country music is __________.

A. amazing?B. boring?C. relaxing

⑤ How many people’s ideas about music are talked about in this passage (短文)?

A. 4. B. 5. C. 6.

这是几道重要事实和细节的辨认题,全是围绕短文的主题句“Different people have different ideas about music”来展开说明的,起补充举例作用。答案分别为 ① C ② A ③ B ④ C ⑤ B。

3.运用构词法、语境线索等帮助来推测关键词义:

在阅读文章的过程中,常常会遇到一些生词,如果不懂得这些词义就会妨碍理解,但大部分生词的词义是可以根据上下文,结合构词法、借助文章中的语境线索帮助在理解基础上猜测其词义,这有助于加快阅读速度,提高阅读理解能力。如:

Water is all around us. Water is in the ocean. Water is in the lakes and rivers. Water is in the air. There is more water than land on the earth. All living things must have it. We must have it, too. We cannot live without drinking water. Sometimes, we do not have all the water that we need. The land will dry up without water. Sometimes, there can be too much water in the land. If it rains very, very hard, the rain water will run down the hill. It takes some of the land with it when it runs down the hills. It is called erosion when the water takes the land away.

初中英语阅读理解题怎么答

1、做题的步骤

首先,用5—10秒钟的时间,扫一眼文章,看它是什么类型(记叙、说明、议论等),然后重点看看第一段的关键词、中文注释、再跳着看一些单词,这个时候我们起码就知道了:文章的主题什么,提到了哪些内容。不要忘了,人类有强大的脑补能力。 然后,读文章后面的题目和选项,圈出其中的关键词。文章后面的问题,一般都是文章的关键内容,而且问题顺序基本上吻合文章内容的先后。第一步我们看了几个词,第二步看了问题,其实到这儿,文章的脉络就会比较清晰了。第三步,我们就带着提出的问题,去读文章。碰见刚才圈出来的那些关键词,就多加留心,因为答题线索,往往就在这附近,而不是文章其它地方。之后的判断、检查,按部就班。

2、阅读理解题的技巧

1.文章主旨和大意的考查。这类阅读理解题主要是考查对文章的理解程度,考查内容包括作者的写作目的,文章的中心思想等内容。考生只有读懂全文,才能选出正确答案。

2.细节和事实的考查。做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节,所选答案一定要符合原文,切不可望文生义。

3.词义或句义的考查。这些词句往往具有深层意义,要透过表层意义来理解深层意义,或根据句子的语法关系分析其含义,要反复琢磨,仔细推敲,弄清作者的真正意图,从而选择正确答案。遇到生词,要根据上下文和一定的构词法知识,如前缀、后缀来分析、判断、猜测其词形和含义。

4.结论或推论性考查。这类考题答案的选择往往无所谓正确与错误之别,而是最佳与非最佳之别。因此,须读懂通篇文章,弄懂作者的写作要旨,按照文章的内容和逻辑关系,做出符合原文逻辑或主旨的结论或推论,才能选出最佳答案。记叙文的解题技巧

我们看到记叙文(比如故事),心里可以一直带着疑问词去读——who、where、when、what、why、how……这个故事发生在什么时候、什么地方、有哪些当事人、发生了什么事情、怎么发生的、为什么会发生……回答了这几个问题,文章的内容其实就清晰了。此外,文章作者写故事的时候,很多人会遵循“起因——发展——转折(高潮)——结局”这样的思路,所以我们也还可以沿着这个思路,一边读,一边问自己,这样,文章的脉络就清晰了。

中考英语阅读理解题如何推理?

一、根据上文猜下文

英语的阅读理解中有很多的文章都是从上文能找到下文的意思的,也就是现在教大家用的猜测下文法。其实,任何一个实词,只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。一般的英语阅读理解文章都是上下文紧密联合的,即从已知推求未知,也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。所以,当初一学生在做阅读理解有不会的文章的时候可以先联系上下文,再去猜测文章中的含义,这样就能轻易的拿到分数了。

二、推理判断

此类题的关键是要注意原文出现的语句不是我们做出的推理判断,而是原文给出的细节信息,所以原文语句不能选。判断时对已知的事实仔细评价后做出的合理决定并非唯一决定,要对事实进行合乎情理的判断,有时还需借助常识进行判断。

推理判断题分两种,即对细节的推理和对主旨的推理。主要以We can infer / imply / learn from this passage that ……等进行提问。解决此类题要注意,一是与原文相同的细节不能选,二是文中没有出现的细节不能跳出文章做推断。解题过程中只要注意上述两点,再结合做细节和主旨的方法,即可以做出推理判断题。

三、注意阅读技巧

可以通过反复精做一篇阅读,直到全对,不断总结、调整和强化获取表层信息及内在信息或猜测、推理、判断、概括的能力;还要善于找关键句,在很多文章里第一段和每段的第一句往往是关键句,可以帮助同学们理解整个文章的主题或某一段的概括。在阅读中,要注意抓住中心思想,以及文中出现的who、where、when、what及why等关键词。